Tanggung Jawab Platform E-Commerce atas Ulasan Palsu Bintang Lima terhadap Perlindungan Konsumen

Abstract

The rapid development of e-commerce in Indonesia has significantly increased consumer reliance on online reviews, especially five-star ratings, as a primary reference in purchasing decisions. However, the proliferation of fake five-star reviews has become a serious threat to consumer protection, causing material and immaterial losses as well as eroding public trust in the digital economy ecosystem. This study aims to analyze the legal responsibility of e-commerce platforms for fake five-star reviews from the perspective of consumer protection. This normative juridical research employs statute approach and conceptual approach by examining primary legal materials such as Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen, Undang-Undang ITE, and PP PMSE, along with relevant legal theories including Legal Protection Theory, Liability Theory, Trust Theory, and Justice Theory. The findings indicate that e-commerce platforms as Penyelenggara Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik (PPMSE) bear intermediary liability based on the safe harbor principle (notice-and-takedown). Although the existing regulatory framework provides a legal basis, it still has several weaknesses in terms of technical enforcement, proof of violations, and proactive moderation obligations. This research implies the need for regulatory reconstruction and strengthening of platform responsibilities through technology-based verification systems to create a fair, transparent, and trustworthy e-commerce ecosystem in Indonesia.