Kedudukan Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) dalam Fatwa dan Yurisprudensi Hukum Islam: Analisis Ushul Fiqh dan Maqashid Syariah

Authors

  • Hartika Fa’iqotul Nabila Universitas Sains Al-Qur’an
  • Ahmad Afifudin Universitas Sains Al-Qur’an
  • Fathur Rizki Universitas Sains Al-Qur’an

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61722/jmia.v3i4.11762

Keywords:

fatwa, ijtihad jama'i, kecerdasan buatan, maqashid syariah, yurisprudensi Islam

Abstract

Perkembangan kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) yang pesat menimbulkan berbagai persoalan hukum baru yang belum pernah dibahas secara eksplisit oleh ulama klasik, termasuk potensi penggunaan AI sebagai instrumen bantu dalam proses berfatwa, isu kepemilikan karya yang dihasilkan AI, serta implikasi etisnya terhadap prinsip maqashid syariah. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana metodologi fatwa dan yurisprudensi Islam (ushul fiqh) dapat diterapkan untuk merespons persoalan AI sebagai bagian dari nawazil fiqhiyyah (persoalan hukum kontemporer). Dengan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi kepustakaan (library research), artikel ini mengkaji sumber-sumber hukum Islam primer dan sekunder, meninjau pandangan lembaga fatwa kontemporer, serta merumuskan kerangka ijtihad kolektif (ijtihad jama'i) yang relevan untuk isu teknologi yang berkembang cepat. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa AI tidak dapat menggantikan otoritas mufti dalam menetapkan hukum syar'i karena tidak memenuhi syarat keilmuan, niat (qashd), dan tanggung jawab moral (taklif), sehingga hanya dapat difungsikan sebagai alat bantu (adawat al-bahts) dalam proses penelusuran dalil yang tetap harus diverifikasi oleh mufti yang berkompeten. Karya yang dihasilkan AI secara prinsip dinisbahkan kepada penggunanya berdasarkan kaidah fiqh yang telah mapan, sementara penerapan AI pada bidang sensitif memerlukan prinsip kehati-hatian (sadd al-dzari'ah) dan pengawasan manusia. Artikel ini merekomendasikan pembentukan kerangka fatwa yang adaptif, kolaboratif, dan berbasis maqashid syariah melalui ijtihad kolektif yang melibatkan pakar lintas disiplin..

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Published

2026-07-07

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