PRINSIP DASAR HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH: ANTARA KEADILAN DAN PROFITABILITAS

Abstract

Abstract. Islamic economics has emerged as an alternative economic system that integrates principles of social justice with business profitability. This article examines the fundamental principles of Islamic economic law, including justice (‘adl), social benefit (maslahah), partnership (syirkah), and transparency, as well as key prohibitions such as riba (usury), gharar (excessive uncertainty), and maysir (gambling). Using a qualitative approach, this study demonstrates how Islamic economics achieves a balance between economic profit and equitable wealth distribution while offering solutions to the shortcomings of conventional systems. The analysis reveals that instruments such as zakat (obligatory almsgiving), waqf (endowments), and profit-sharing schemes (mudharabah/musyarakah) not only drive economic growth but also reduce inequality. Major challenges include low public literacy and competition with conventional systems, while opportunities lie in the booming global halal industry and the interest of younger generations. The article concludes that Islamic economics is not merely a transactional system but a sustainable development framework relevant to modern society.

Keywords: Islamic economics, justice, profitability, riba, gharar, maysir, mudharabah, zakat.

Abstrak. Ekonomi syariah muncul sebagai sistem ekonomi alternatif yang menggabungkan prinsip keadilan sosial dengan profitabilitas bisnis. Artikel ini membahas prinsip dasar hukum ekonomi syariah, termasuk keadilan (‘adl), kemanfaatan (maslahah), kemitraan (syirkah), dan transparansi, serta larangan utama seperti riba, gharar, dan maysir. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini menunjukkan bagaimana ekonomi syariah menciptakan keseimbangan antara keuntungan ekonomi dan distribusi kekayaan yang adil, sekaligus menawarkan solusi atas kelemahan sistem konvensional. Hasil analisis mengungkap bahwa instrumen seperti zakat, wakaf, dan skema bagi hasil (mudharabah/musyarakah) tidak hanya mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi, tetapi juga mengurangi ketimpangan. Tantangan utama meliputi literasi masyarakat yang rendah dan persaingan dengan sistem konvensional, sementara peluangnya terletak pada booming industri halal global dan minat generasi muda. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa ekonomi syariah bukan sekadar sistem transaksi, melainkan kerangka pembangunan berkelanjutan yang relevan bagi masyarakat modern.

Kata Kunci: Ekonomi syariah, keadilan, profitabilitas, riba, gharar, maysir, mudharabah, zakat