PENGARUH KOMPRES HANGAT PADA LEHER TERHADAP INTENSITAS NYERI KEPALA PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI LITERATURE REVIEW

Authors

  • Deva Pramadani Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya
  • Lilis Lismayanti Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61722/jmia.v3i1.7761

Keywords:

Hipertensi; intervensi nonfarmakologis; keperawatan; kompres hangat; nyeri kepala

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis dengan prevalensi tinggi di seluruh dunia dan sering disertai keluhan nyeri kepala akibat peningkatan tekanan darah serta ketegangan otot leher. Penatalaksanaan nyeri kepala pada pasien hipertensi tidak hanya bergantung pada terapi farmakologis, namun juga dapat ditunjang dengan intervensi nonfarmakologis seperti kompres hangat pada leher yang bertujuan meningkatkan vasodilatasi, relaksasi otot, dan menurunkan transmisi impuls nyeri. Meninjau pengaruh kompres hangat pada leher terhadap intensitas nyeri kepala pada penderita hipertensi berdasarkan hasil penelitian terkini (2020–2025). Penelitian ini merupakan literature review sistematis dengan menelaah delapan artikel ilmiah dari database PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, dan Google Scholar yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2025. Kriteria inklusi meliputi penelitian dengan desain kuantitatif (RCT, quasi-experimental, pre–post test) yang menggunakan intervensi kompres hangat pada leher untuk pasien hipertensi dengan keluhan nyeri kepala. Delapan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompres hangat pada leher efektif menurunkan intensitas nyeri kepala dengan rata-rata penurunan skor Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) sebesar 2–4 poin (p<0.05). Efek terapi terjadi melalui mekanisme vasodilatasi perifer, peningkatan sirkulasi darah, relaksasi otot, dan aktivasi sistem saraf parasimpatis yang menurunkan tekanan darah. Selain itu, kompres hangat juga memberikan efek psikologis berupa peningkatan kenyamanan dan penurunan kecemasan pasien. Kompres hangat pada leher merupakan intervensi nonfarmakologis yang efektif, aman, dan mudah diterapkan dalam praktik keperawatan untuk mengurangi nyeri kepala pada pasien hipertensi. Terapi ini direkomendasikan sebagai bagian dari manajemen nyeri berbasis bukti di layanan kesehatan primer maupun rumah sakit.

Kata Kunci: Hipertensi; intervensi nonfarmakologis; keperawatan; kompres hangat; nyeri kepala

ABSTRACT

Hypertension is a chronic disease with a high prevalence worldwide and is often accompanied by complaints of headaches due to increased blood pressure and neck muscle tension. Headache management in hypertensive patients does not only rely on pharmacological therapy, but can also be supported by non-pharmacological interventions such as warm compresses on the neck that aim to increase vasodilation, muscle relaxation, and reduce the transmission of pain impulses. This study reviewed the effect of warm compresses on the neck on headache intensity in hypertensive patients based on the results of recent research (2020–2025). This study is a systematic literature review by examining eight scientific articles from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar databases published between 2020 and 2025. Inclusion criteria included studies with a quantitative design (RCT, quasi-experimental, pre-post test) that used warm compresses on the neck intervention for hypertensive patients with headache complaints. Eight studies showed that warm compresses on the neck were effective in reducing headache intensity with an average decrease in the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score of 2–4 points (p<0.05). The therapeutic effect occurs through peripheral vasodilation, increased blood circulation, muscle relaxation, and activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which lowers blood pressure. Furthermore, warm compresses also provide psychological benefits, increasing patient comfort and reducing anxiety. Warm compresses on the neck are an effective, safe, and easily implemented non-pharmacological intervention in nursing practice to reduce headaches in hypertensive patients. This therapy is recommended as part of evidence-based pain management in primary care and hospitals.

Keywords: Hypertension; non-pharmacological intervention; nursing; warm compresses; headache

Keywords: Clean water; dermatitis; water quality; personal hygine; sanitation

References

Ariani, N., & Yusuf, R. (2021). Pengaruh kompres hangat pada leher terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri kepala pada pasien hipertensi. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Medisurg, 10(2), 75–82.

Hwang, J., & Lee, K. (2025). Smart heat patch for hypertensive headache management: A clinical evaluation. Nursing Science and Innovation, 15(1), 18–26.

Kim, Y. H., Park, J., & Lee, J. (2020). Effects of heat therapy on muscle tension and headache in hypertensive adults. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 32(7), 482–489.

Li, X., Zhang, L., & Chen, H. (2020). Warm compress and vasodilatory effects in hypertension-related headache: A randomized trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8822.

Putri, M., & Rahayu, E. (2022). The effectiveness of warm compress on headache intensity in hypertensive patients. Advances in Health Sciences Research, 68, 152–158.

Ramesh, K., Devi, S., & Kumar, P. (2022). Heat therapy for tension-type headache in hypertensive individuals. Asian Journal of Nursing Research, 14(4), 233–240.

Sari, D., & Lestari, P. (2023). Warm compress and blood pressure reduction among hypertensive adults. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 13(3), 199–205.

Zhang, W., Huang, R., & Liu, T. (2024). Thermotherapy in headache management: A clinical randomized study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 367, 104621.

Page, M. J., et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71.

Whittemore, R., & Knafl, K. (2021). The integrative review: Updated methodology for nursing research synthesis. Nursing Research, 70(4), 224–231.

Downloads

Published

2025-12-18

Issue

Section

Articles