LITERATURE REVIEW: EBP DALAM PENANGANAN PASIEN COVID-19 DI UNIT GAWAT DARURAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61722/jmia.v3i1.8331Keywords:
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP); COVID-19; Emergency Services; Primary Studies; Implementation Obstacles.Abstract
Introduction: The emergency service sector became the epicenter of the crisis during the COVID-19 Pandemic, demanding the adoption of a responsive and flexible Evidence-Based Practice (EBP). The main purpose of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of EBP intervention and explore the implementation challenges experienced by health workers through primary study analysis. Method: This research uses a Literature Review approach by reviewing literature published between January 2020 and July 2024. Primary data sources are identified from the main database (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar). Five primary studies, consisting of Quasi-Experimental and Qualitative (Phenomenology) designs, are synthesized thematically to obtain holistic evidence. Results: The findings are categorized based on quantitative and qualitative dimensions. Quantitatively, the Quasi-Experiment study confirms that continuous education programs (such as the Online Journal Club) result in a significant increase in the knowledge and positive attitude of nurses towards EBP. However, the qualitative dimension reveals that the implementation of best practices is consistently hindered by complex contextual factors. Professional fatigue (burnout) and time constraints as well as lack of systemic support were found to be the main triggers of the discrepancy between nurses' knowledge and their actual practice in the field. Conclusion: The long-term success of EBP in the ER depends heavily on the balance between providing effective evidence and mitigating systemic obstacles. Health institutions are recommended to integrate psychosocial support mechanisms and ensure the availability of essential resources as a prerequisite for sustainable evidence-based practice.
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice (EBP); COVID-19; Emergency Services; Primary Studies; Implementation Obstacles.
ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Sektor pelayanan gawat darurat menjadi episentrum krisis selama Pandemi COVID-19, menuntut adopsi Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) yang responsif dan fleksibel. Tujuan utama tinjauan ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efikasi intervensi EBP dan mendalami tantangan implementasi yang dialami oleh tenaga kesehatan melalui analisis studi primer. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Literature Review dengan menelaah literatur yang diterbitkan antara Januari 2020 hingga Juli 2024. Sumber data primer diidentifikasi dari database utama (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar). Lima studi primer, terdiri dari desain Kuasi-Eksperimen dan Kualitatif (Fenomenologi), disintesis secara tematik untuk mendapatkan bukti yang holistik. Hasil: Temuan dikategorikan berdasarkan dimensi kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Secara kuantitatif, studi Kuasi-Eksperimen mengonfirmasi bahwa program edukasi yang berkesinambungan (seperti Online Journal Club) menghasilkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pengetahuan dan sikap positif perawat terhadap EBP. Namun, dimensi kualitatif mengungkapkan bahwa penerapan praktik terbaik (best practices) secara konsisten terhambat oleh faktor kontekstual yang kompleks. Kelelahan profesional (burnout) dan kendala waktu serta minimnya dukungan sistemik ditemukan sebagai pemicu utama diskrepansi antara pengetahuan perawat dan praktik aktual mereka di lapangan. Kesimpulan: Keberhasilan jangka panjang EBP di UGD sangat bergantung pada keseimbangan antara penyediaan bukti yang efektif dan mitigasi hambatan sistemis. Institusi kesehatan direkomendasikan untuk mengintegrasikan mekanisme dukungan psikososial dan memastikan ketersediaan sumber daya esensial sebagai prasyarat bagi praktik berbasis bukti yang berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: Evidence-Based Practice (EBP); COVID-19; Pelayanan Gawat Darurat; Studi Primer; Hambatan Implementasi.
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